Insiders Filed Under Z

Names here are printed the way the filer wrote them on the form. The SEC does not hold a tidy first-name and last-name field for reporting owners; it holds one string, and the convention filers follow for individuals is surname first. That is why this index reads as a surname directory, and why a chief executive you know as Jane Adams is filed under A.

Not everyone listed is a person. Anyone holding more than 10% of a class of shares reports on Form 4 exactly as an executive does, so funds, holding companies, family trusts and employee stock plans appear alongside individuals. Their buying is a portfolio decision rather than an operator's view from inside the business, which is worth remembering before reading a large institutional purchase as conviction.

Inclusion is a question of whether a page exists, not of whether anything happened recently. An insider who last filed three years ago is listed here with the same standing as one who filed this morning, because the page holding their history is still live and still worth reaching. That is deliberately a different question from which pages the sitemap advertises, which is a freshness judgement and is made separately.